Association of Physicians and Dental Physicians of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

The real creation of the Grand-duchy of Luxembourg was in 1815. The Vienna Act created two separate and independent entities: the Netherlands Kingdom and the Dukedom of Luxembourg. There is one healthcare scheme, the Union des Caisses de Maladie, which is made up of several sick funds. A social security number is required for access to health care. This number is used for reclaiming charges. For visits to the doctor or dentist the patient pays the fee and then reclaims it. The provision of dental care is covered by a detailed Act of Parliament. Everybody in Luxembourg is entitled to dental care partly paid for by the Union, and all dentists must work within it (so there are no dentists who practice independently of the state system). Every dentist has an identification number, must use stationery from the sickness scheme and must charge the fees specified by the fund, unless a fee is not stated. The standards of dental care are monitored by an independent body called the Control  Medical which employs three dentists who check the standard of care provided. Dentists whose pattern and cost of care is significantly different from the average may be investigated. An adverse report can lead to disciplinary processes for the dentist.