Animal Viruses And Immunity

Viruses gain entry into host cells via several sites such as the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract. Once an infection has occurred, the virus may replicate in host cells at the site of infection or they may also spread to other locations. Animal viruses typically spread throughout the body mainly by way of the bloodstream, but can also be spread via the nervous system. Viruses have several methods to counter host immune system responses. Some viruses, like HIV, destroy immune system cells. Other viruses, such as influenza viruses, experience changes in their genes leading to antigenic drift or antigenic shift. In antigenic drift, viral genes mutate altering virus surface proteins. This results in the development of a new virus strain that may not be recognized by host antibodies. Antibodies connect to specific virus antigens to identify them as 'invaders' that must be destroyed. While antigenic drift happens gradually over time, antigenetic shift occurs rapidly. In antigenetic shift, a new virus subtype is produced through the combination of genes from different viral strains. Antigenetic shifts are associated with pandemics as host populations have no immunity to the new viral strain. OMICS Group International is one of the leading Open Access Publishers which is publishing 700+ peer-reviewed journals. Each and every article undergoes a peer-review process to assess the quality of the article. Generally, these publications appreciate articles those that are accessible even to those people who are not specialist in the field but are interested in those research topic. These journals are periodical publications that are intended to share the progress of science. OMICS Group International is one of the leading Open Access Publishers which is publishing 350 world class Peer-review

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Last date updated on September, 2024