Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, or a red scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin.
Tetraploidy as a phenomenon occurring at two points of breast carcinogenesis: as an intermediate state, when it is still reversible (as in precancerous stage), or when the tumor reaches certain size and is on the way to aneuploidy, and genomic instability. So it is important to distinguish between the benignÂ, precancerous and the more ominous, leading to genomic instability tetraploidy. Genetic susceptibility plays a minor role in some cases. Diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by taking a biopsy of the concerning lump. Once the diagnosis is made, further tests are done to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the breast and which treatment can be possible to cure the over modified cells.
The open access journals are peer reviewed scholarly journals of [Cancer Science & Therapy]. The top open access journals are freely available on the public internet domain, allowing any end users to read, download, copy, distribute, prink, search or link to the full texts of the articles. These provide high quality, meticulously reviewed and rapid publication, to cater the insistent need of scientific community. These journals are indexed with all their citations noted. The top open access journals are indexed in SCOPUS, COPERNICUS, CAS, EBSCO and ISI.
Last date updated on September, 2024
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