Cytogenetics can be defined as that deals with the study of structure and function of the cell, mainly focussing on the structure and composition of the cell. Cytogenetic tests are usuallly carried out during the time of pregnancy to determine any structural or chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. As the changes occur in the chromosomes, thus disrupting the genes and finally leading to the production of fatal or abnormal proteins, thereby resulting in mild to severe or lethal birth defects.
Open access to the scientific literature means the removal of barriers (including price barriers) from accessing scholarly work. There are two parallel �roads� towards open access: Open Access articles and self-archiving. Open Access articles are immediately, freely available on their Web site, a model mostly funded by charges paid by the author (usually through a research grant). The alternative for a researcher is �self-archiving� (i.e., to publish in a traditional journal, where only subscribers have immediate access, but to make the article available on their personal and/or institutional Web sites (including so-called repositories or archives)), which is a practice allowed by many scholarly journals.
Last date updated on September, 2024
Spanish 
Chinese 
Russian 
German 
French 
Japanese 
Portuguese 
Hindi