Innovations are new idea, device or process. Innovations are the application of better solutions that meet new requirements, inarticulated needs or existing market needs. It is proficient through more effective products, processes, services, technologies, or new ideas that are readily available to markets, governments and society. Innovations are something original and novel, as a significant, new that âbreaks intoâ the market or society. Typically, internal software quality attributes, such as size, cohesion, and coupling, are not of interest for software practitioners unless they are useful in indicating external quality attributes or other related activities of interest. Researchers have identified several external quality attributes, such as adaptability, reusability, understandability, maintainability, testability, and completeness, as somehow related to internal quality attributes. Adaptability refers to the extent to which software or part of it adapts to change in environments other than those for which it was specifically designed. Reusability refers to the ease with which a component can be used in building other components. Understandability, maintainability, and testability refer to the ease with which a given piece of software can be understood, maintained, and tested, respectively. Completeness refers to the extent to which a piece of software is complete, in terms of capabilities. When considering object-oriented software, one of the main research questions is whether a software engineer must consider the inherited methods and attributes in size, cohesion, and coupling measurement to indicate the adaptability, reusability, understandability, maintainability, testability, and completeness of a subclass. A subclass cannot be moved alone to a new environment. Instead, all of the direct and indirect superclasses must be also moved with the subclass to the new environment. Therefore, when studying the adaptability of a subclass, the code of the direct and indirect superclasses must be considered as well. Similarly, the reusability of the direct and indirect superclasses must be considered when reusing a subclass. A subclass cannot be understood and maintained unless the direct and indirect super classes are inspected and analyzed. A subclass is not complete by itself without the inherited code. Therefore, studying the completeness of a subclass must include exploring the completeness of the code of the subclass and its super classes altogether. As a result, none of these applications requires solely analyzing or exploring the code within the subclass; they also require the analysis and exploration of the direct and indirect superclasses. Therefore, it is expected that if the internal quality metrics are applied on the subclasses without considering the inherited attributes and methods, then the obtained quality values will provide incorrect indications for the external quality attributes. However, empirical studies are required to approve or disapprove this expectation.
Last date updated on September, 2024
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