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The Biology, Utilization and Phytochemical Composition of the fruits and leaves of Gongronema latifolium Benth

The tropical rainforest is the most biologically diverse ecosystem on the earth and it is the predominant natural forest in Nigeria. It is favorable for the production of a wide range of useful plants and spices including Gongronema latifolium [1,2]. Plants and plant-products are good sources of medications and provide raw materials for modern pharmaceuticals used for various ailments [3]. A great number of the world’s population particularly Nigerians, rely on traditional medicines for their primary health care needs. The medicinal value of plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiologic action on the human body. The most active of these bioactive compounds (phytochemicals) of plants are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds [4]. Phytochemicals are chemical compounds that occur naturally in plants and which may affect health and are not yet established as essential nutrients [5]. Phytochemicals give plants their color, flavour, smell and texture. Kushi et al., Setchell and Cassidy, and Wang et al.

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