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Similar to pulse-oximetry, Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) uses the proportionate differential in reflection and absorption of different wavelengths of light (Beer-Lambert Law) to estimate the proportion of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen approximately 2-3 cm below the sensor.
Citation: https://www.omicsgroup.org/journals/near-infrared-spectroscopy-and-lower-extremity-acute-compartment-syndrome-a-review-of-the-literature-2167-1222.1000S2-003.php?aid=27180