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HIV pathogenesis is extremely complex and involves both immunodeficiency that leads to opportunistic infections and AIDS as well as excessive inflammation and systemic immune activation. Generalized chronic immune activation and the progressive loss of the balance between T-helper 17 (Th17) and T-regulatory (Treg) cells have been demonstrated as leading events in HIV pathogenesis. Recent studies have investigated interactions between Th17 and Treg cells in relation to HIV infection. Th17 cells are perturbed during HIV infection in humans and SIV infection in nonhuman primates.
Citation: https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/the-relative-balance-between-th-and-regulatory-t-cell-subsets-is-critical-for-progression-of-hiv-infection-2155-6113.1000395.php?aid=36054