Over recent decades, the development of various pharmaceutical nanoparticulate systems has become one of the most important areas of nanotechnology, which is currently expected to have a dramatic impact on medicine. Nanomedicine refers to the many applications of nanotechnology in medicine, for treatment, diagnosis, monitoring, and control of biological systems. The paradigm of utilizing nanomaterials as vehicles for drugs, DNA and imaging, or diagnostic agents, has developed exponentially in recent years, gaining great attention. Various nanoparticulates offer some unique advantages as pharmaceutical delivery systems and image enhancement agents, such as different polymeric and metal nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid particles, micelles, quantum dots, dendrimers, microcapsules, and different nano-assemblies. The key aspects of any nanoparticulate carrier system is the ability to efficiently load and subsequently maintain the drug or cargo, within the nanoparticles while in systemic circulation, and then release the drug at the target site, stimulated by an appropriate signal.

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