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Origin and Therapeutic Strategies for Ectopic Bone Formation in Skeletal Muscle

Heterotopic Ossification (HO) is characterized as the formation of ectopic bone in soft tissues outside the skeletal tissue. There are three etiologies of HO, namely trauma, neurogenic or surgical insults, and genetic disorders. HO is most commonly observed after surgical trauma such as total hip arthroplasty (THA) although other affected sites include the elbow, knee, shoulder, and ankle [1]. Damage to the central nervous system such as spinal and head injuries is responsible for neurogenic HO, with the hip joint being the most common site of neurogenic ectopic bone formation.

 

Citation:  Tsuchida K, Oishi T, Uezumi A, Yamada H (2013) Origin and Therapeutic Strategies for Ectopic Bone Formation in Skeletal Muscle. Human Genet Embryol 3:110

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