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A rapidly i ncreasing number of prematurely born and sick babies with different pathophysiological conditions survive due to the progress of modern medicine. Clinical procedures for most of these patients require general anesthesia; frequently repeated exposures are needed. Although, the advances in pediatric anesthesiology play a crucial role in this success, numerous laboratory studies provide evidence that exposure to general anesthesia of even healthy animals during the early postnatal period may result in immediate and long-term brain related abnormalities, such as neurodegeneration and impaired cognition [1-5]. Even though these adverse effects of neonatal anesthesia were demonstrated across various species, from rodents to non-human primates, the results of human studies are not conclusive at this time.
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