Abstracts from Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences

The New OECD Nexus Rule or a Fox in Sheep’s Clothing: A Critique of Revenue Threshold

In October 2021, the OECD published its ‘Statement on a Two-Pillar Solution to Address the Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the economy’. The Pillar One proposal aims to re-allocate profits of the largest most profitable multinational enterprises (‘MNE’) to jurisdictions where the custome.. Read More

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The Innocent Passage in African Air Law

There are so many examples to illustrate the diversity of international flights from or to an African country. It is a race against the clock, the goal being to get from one point to another, from one end of the planet to the other, in a relatively short time and with the least possible expense. This evidences the importance of .. Read More

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Exceeding the Boundaries In Law : Enforcement of "Finalized Payment Order" in International Debt Collection

The definition of the concept of "enforceable decision" has gone beyond narrow interpretation of court judgement.Many bilateral and/or multilateral treaties and international regulations provide a legal basis for the enforcement of legal documents which are not given by the judicial organs in the members but have legal certainty.. Read More

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Conjectures of Patent trade Secrets, Copyrights and Trademark

The primary economic benefits of trademarks, they contend, are the reduction of consumers' search costs and the creation of an incentive for businesses to produce consistently high-quality goods and services.Trademarks, Lands and Posner claim, also have unusual ancillary social benefits; they improve the quality of our language... Read More

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Trademarks that Allude Humorously to other Trade Secrets

In the mid-1990s, a small group of commentators began drawing explicitly on theories of intellectual property to criticize the right of publicity. None of the four major perspectives, they argued, provided support for such an entitlement... Read More

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The Unsafe Environment in Prisons in England and Wales Underlines the Failure of the UK's Criminal Justice System: The Breach of Various Prisoners Human Rights

Human law accepts that parties to an armed conflict will need to use force to ‘win the war’ and that this will likely result in some death and destruction. To minimise this likely harm, human law regulates how wars are fought. At its essence, human law seeks to strike a balance between two fundamental principles: mil.. Read More

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The Blue Economy, India and COG

We have always lived in a VUCA world. That is to say that our world is characterised by vulnerability, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. Our planet manifests this all too often in myriad ways, nowhere better exemplified than in the ocean and environmental system. The on-going global episode of Covid 19 is but a small facet .. Read More

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The FTC’s Expanding Role in Cybersecurity: Monitoring Activities

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is the chief consumer cyber security regulator in the United States. Through its actions against unfair and deceptive practices, it regulates surveillance and creates cyber security law. This research paper aims to review the premise of the FTC’s authority about its legitimacy on cyber se.. Read More

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International Law between sovereign nation

An idealized community of the rural America of our formative era in which neighbourhood and individual were economically independent and self-sufficient was sufficiently near to the facts and accorded with the received ethical and economic views of the public... Read More

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Equity Entitled to human rights without discrimination

Though Locke believed natural rights were derived from divinity since humans were creations of God, his ideas were important in the development of the modern notion of rights. Lockean natural rights did not rely on citizenship or any law of the state, nor were they necessarily limited to one particular ethnic, cultural or religi.. Read More

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Misdemeanours based on their nature and punishment

Though Locke believed natural rights were derived from divinity since humans were creations of God, his ideas were important in the development of the modern notion of rights. Lockean natural rights did not rely on citizenship or any law of the state, nor were they necessarily limited to one particular ethnic, cultural or religi.. Read More

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Fortunate world aptly understood by humanities

States have front-line responsibility for the social and economic well-being of their citizens. Fair economic growth has a critical role to play in this, and the Commission believes it is crucial to see a stronger connection between economic policy and the instruments of human rights. It is evident, however, that the challenges .. Read More

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Rights inherent to all human beings

The concept of slavery and slavery-like practices can cover a range of practices, including forced labour, exploitative child labour, descent based slavery, forced or servile marriage, and human trafficking. They all have in common an inability for the individual to leave a workplace or slave master at their own free will. Artic.. Read More

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Common Humanity Law Provisions in International Areas

International humanitarian law, also known as the law of war, law of armed conflict or the jus in Bello, is the body of international law that applies in armed conflict. Human law accepts that parties to an armed conflict will need to use force to ‘win the war’ and that this will likely result in some death and destr.. Read More

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Encompass Categories of Illegal Acts and Schemes

The reason for such rapid growth in white collar crime in recent decades is often attributed to the fast developing economy and industrial growth. Committee Report drew a lucid picture of white-collar crimes committed by people belonging to higher social status. It includes businessmen, industrialists, contractors, suppliers and.. Read More

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Magnitude of Benefits in Privacy Data Protection

In an information society the self is expressed, defined, and affected through and by information and information technology. The boundaries between private and public become blurred. Privacy has therefore become more a class of multifaceted interests than a single, unambiguous concept. However, the same technology that makes it.. Read More

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Applied Specific Legal Sustainability Structure Services

An enormous but not fully characterized problem is the extent to which the law now works against sustainability.Environmental laws are easy to identify because they are usually labelled as such. By contrast, there are few if any explicitly anti-environmental or anti-sustainability laws... Read More

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The Evolution of Egyptian Legal Elites and Their Effect on The Justice System and Society

The modern-day legal profession in Egypt had its seeds planted in the mid-1800s. Many legal reforms gave the modern Egyptian legal system its form with the creation of both the mixed and national courts and the role that lawyers of such an era advocated and eventually realized the institutionalization of the legal profession and.. Read More

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Appeal of an individual in case of violation of their right

The subjective right to protection in the mechanism of exercising the right to information on one’s health can also be considered as an opportunity for a person to use an unlawful encroachment on the subjective right to information on their health and restore it in case of violation certain law enforcement measures... Read More

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Jurisdictional form of protection

To sum up, the lessons Ethiopia can learn from the best experience of Australia include; incorporating clear and tangible objectives to the competition regime, expanding the scope of application of the competition regime to include public enterprises and endowment firms in the country as long as they are carrying out business ac.. Read More

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