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Progressive Genetic Architecture of Human Skin Pigmentation
Human skin pigmentation is a fascinating multi-disciplinary research topic that includes cell biology, genetics and anthropology, enabling us to patch up a clear picture of the Homo sapiens´ evolution [1-2]. Melanocytes (i.e. pigment cells) are derived from a stem cell of neural-crest origin [1,3]. They are specialized in the synthesis of melanosomes (i.e. melanin-bearing organelles), which are then acquired by keratinocytes, and transported within them to the epidermal surface [4]. The subsequent relative melanogenesis (i.e. production of the melanin, a key pigment) thereby contributes to the appearance of the skin as well as to its protection from damage by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) [1,3,4].
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