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Background: Pachydermatoperiostosis, a rare form of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, is of unknown etiology and previously thought limited to humans. Secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is a known problem that transcends mammalian phylogeny, but has not previously been recognized in prosimians. The only periosteal reaction previously reported in prosimians is related to renal disease. Methods: Clinical and radiological assessment was performed on lemurs with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Results: Three related red ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegates rubra) had diaphyseal periosteal reaction classic for hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Workup was negative for known underlying causes and for the secondary hyperparathyroidism which produces bone alterations in black Eulemur macao, black and white Varecia variegatatus varigatus and ringtail Lemur catta lemurs. Conclusions: Recognition of facial coarsening allows identification of the primary form of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. This is the first recognition of the phenomenon in the order primates, exclusive of humans, and represents a new model for this rare disease.
Citation: Rothschild BM, Neiffer DL, Marks SK (2011) Pachydermoperiostosislike Disease in Captive Red Ruffed Lemurs (varecia variegatus rubra). J Primatol 1:101.