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Epidemiology and Classification of Atopic dermatitis

With a prevalence of 2-5% (in children and young adults approximately 10%), atopic dermatitis is one of the most commonly seen skin disorders. Atopy, the propensity of an individual to develop allergic reactions, is inherited, and atopy is a common finding in people with atopic dermatitis. The atopic (IgE-mediated) diseases, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma and allergic nasal and eye symptoms are genetically linked within families. In some people with atopic dermatitis, true allergic reactions, those involving the IgE antibody, are clearly responsible for the development of the disease. There are, however, also many individuals in whom non-specific factors, such as skin irritants or psychological influences, appear to be important. Atopic dermatitis consists of at least two different disorders. Patients belonging to the IgE-associated subgroup of atopic dermatitis will get worsening of their eczema upon contact with classical allergens, e.g., animal hairs. The other subgroups of atopic dermatitis are less well understood, but they are believed to result from internal mechanisms.

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