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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major risk factor for the development of TB. HIV robs a person’s body of its natural ability to fight infection, causing them to be more likely to be infected with TB. Furthermore, because HIV-infected individuals have weakened immune systems, they have a much greater chance of developing active TB disease. TB is a leading cause of death among people who are HIV positive, accounting for 23% of HIV deaths worldwide. Among people infected with TB, those who are also HIV positive are 21 to 34 times more likely to develop active TB in a given year compared to those who are HIV negative. In 2011, 1.1 million (13%) of the 8.7 million people who developed TB were HIV-positive. HIV is the single most important determinant of the increased incidence of TB in Africa, where close to 80% of HIV-positive TB cases reside. In the United States, 6% of TB cases (672 cases) were also infected with HIV during 2011. Among 25- 44 year olds, that percentage was almost doubled (10%, 342 cases). The percentage of co-infection has declined since 1993 overall and for 25-44 year olds.
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