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Reversible Antibiotic Tolerance Induced in Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotics: Antibiotics or antibacterials are a type of antimicrobial used specifically against bacteria, and are often used in medical treatment of bacterial infections.

Antibiotic resistance: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when a microbe and thus its progeny acquires a genetic mutation, either spontaneously or by gene transfer, rendering it resistant to the effect of one or more antimicrobial agents. 

Introduction: Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactam antibiotics has led to increasing use of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin as a life-saving treatment for major S. aureus infections. Coinfection by an unrelated bacterial species may necessitate concurrent treatment with a second antibiotic that targets the coinfecting pathogen.

Specifically, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) behaves like vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) upon exposure to colistin, which is currently used against infections by Gram-negative bacteria. 

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