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Liver Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is defined as the histological development of regenerative nodules surrounded by fibrous bands in response to chronic liver injury, that leads to portal hypertension and end stage liver disease.
Etiology
The etiology of cirrhosis can usually be identified by the patient’s history combined with serologic and histologic evaluation. Alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis C are the most common causes in the Western world, while hepatitis B prevails in most parts of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
Frequently multiple etiological factors contribute to the development of cirrhosis, as exemplified in epidemiological studies that identified regular (moderate) alcohol consumption, age above 50 years, and male gender as risk factors in chronic hepatitis C, or older age obesity, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia (all features of the metabolic syndrome) in NASH.