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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes developmental defects at birth among 10% of infected babies, and 8.5–18% of asymptomatic newborns will develop sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The two main potential benefits of neonatal screening are early intervention to prevent the onset or progression of SNHL and the identification of infants at risk for late-onset or progressive SNHL. Randomized control trials (RCT) and observational studies have reported that ganciclovir therapy begun in the neonatal period in symptomatically infected infants prevented hearing deterioration at 6 months . The gold standard for the diagnosis of congenital CMV (cCMV) infection is positive results for viral isolation from urine and/or saliva collected during the first 3 weeks of life . This method is not suitable for large scale screening. As an alternative, dried blood spots (DBS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays are getting more and more attention, because specimens can be collected routinely and preserved easily; and because PCR can be automated. Certain researchers have suggested that this method is suitable for the retrospective diagnosis of cCMV infection in infants or children with hearing loss, mental retardation or other symptoms compatible with cCMV . However, others have insisted the tests is not suitable for screening due to low sensitivity. In conclusion, there is no consensus on the screening performance of DBS PCR assay in screening for cCMV infection.
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