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Soils are known to be “skin of the earth” and carry the material basis for human beings. As one of the basic disciplines of agriculture, soil science deals with the natural resources of the earth surface relating to soil formation, classification, morphology as well as associated physical, chemical, biological and fertility properties. Soils are a unique array of different substances naming clay minerals (e.g., montmorillonite and kaolinite), organic matters (e.g., humus), microorganisms (e.g., bacteria) as well as liquids (mainly moisture) and gases that are intercalated among clay mineral layers. Clay minerals are definitely the main ingredient for soils, and even within a single sample, they vary continuously in crystalline degree, chemical composition, charge distribution and other properties [1], and such complicated and variable chemical compositions endow soils with magic “physiological fertility” [2]. As indicated, soils have the ability of self-regulation, which is a natural result of the composite complexes of clay minerals interacted with soil inorganics, organics, enzymes and other constituents. It is evident that unravelling the physiological function of soil systems has to rely strongly on chemistry discipline. What frustrates us is that up to date, the direct and quantitative measurements of soil systems remains a challenge for currently advanced experimental techniques.
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