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Glyco-epitope Diversity: An Evolving Area of Glycomics Research and Biomarker Discovery

Carbohydrates are capable of generating structural diversity in multiple ways and are prominently displayed on the surfaces of cell membranes or on the exposed regions of macromolecules. Unlike proteins, which are connected solely by a peptide bond, carbohydrates utilize many possible glycosidic linkages so as to extensively diversify their structures. Two amino acid residues, such as two alanines, can produce only one possible dipeptide; however, two molecules of glucose have the potential to generate 11 different disaccharides. A trimer of any of the nine common sugar residues of the human body theoretically can give rise to 119,736 different structural isomers; this is in striking contrast to the maximal construction of 8,000 tripeptides using 20 different amino acid residues. Theoretically, sugar chain structures can have unlimited variation.

 

Citation: Wang D (2014) Glyco-epitope Diversity: An Evolving Area of Glycomics Research and Biomarker Discovery. J Proteomics Bioinform 7:e24. 

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