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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant and costly public health problem with increasing prevalence in most societies and the need for improved diagnosis. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how it is possible to decipher a combination of markers from a compendium of differentially-expressed proteins using available statistical tools when more than two study groups are involved. Screening for potential urinary biomarker profile stratifying early and later stages of CKD were performed. Sixteen patients with defined CKD staging were selected and compared with ten healthy individuals. Urinary proteins were quantified using theiTRAQ method and analysed with ProteinPilot, GenEx and Meta Core software. Four proteins (out of 194) (apolipoprotein D; protein AMBP; zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein; and kininogen 1) were identified as critical for CKD stage separation. In conclusion, this preliminary work provides evidence that several unique urinary proteins are involved in early and later stages of CKD and suggests that a selected combination of biomarkers could be used to profile patients into different CKD stages. Further validation studies are now needed.
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