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Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are present in even the healthiest mouth. These cells migrate predominantly through gingival crevices into the oral cavity. The number of PMNs in exudate reflects the degree of gingival inflammation. However, a substantial amount of PMNs are also found in the whole saliva of edentulous subjects demonstrating the migration of these cells through the oral mucosa from the circulation. Salivary PMNs can contribute to the oral defence against infection in two major ways: phagocytosis and the release of antimicrobial proteins (lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin, etc.)