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Protective factors in colostrum and breast milk combat pathogens in children. Colostrum in particular is a rich source of nutrients and the host of immunological components that play an important role in infant protection against gastrointestinal and respiratory infections commonly associated to specific pathogens. This is true for acute diarrhea, the second main cause of death in infants of low socioeconomic status in developing countries. During their first year of life, the main etiological agent of diarrhea in infants is enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). EPEC is also a major causative agent of death from diarrhea in children under five years of age. Another important pathogen that attacks infants is the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mostly associated with acute otitis media and S. pneumoniae is the second most common cause of meningitis in children under 2 years of age.