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Chromatin is a dynamic structure and dynamicity is facilitated by altering the covalent modifications of histones. This is carried out by a wide variety of chromatin modifying enzymes . The combination of modifications (“marks”) produced by chromatin modifying enzymes represents a code that controls downstream processes, such as, transcription, DNA repair, and apoptosis . It is well established that mutations in chromatin-modifying machineries that disturb the spatial-temporal patterns of gene expression can contribute to the pathogenesis of human diseases. As a result, the scientific community has focused on identifying the small molecular inhibitors for many of the histone-modifying machineries and using them for targeted therapeutics. Hence, a number of bioactive dietary components are of particular interest in the field of epigenetics , including, curcumin (CUR). Curcumin (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6- heptadiene-3,5-dione), chemical structure shown in figure 1, is the major bright yellow color pigment extracted from turmeric. Owing to its wide range of epigenetic targets, CUR has been extensively studied to better understand its diverse pharmacological activities and it has been used in several worldwide clinical trials. This review summarizes the epigenetic targets of CUR and we discuss how CUR can be effective in treating various ailments by targeting epigenetic machineries and associated factors.
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