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Uranium Fixation and Removal: A Review on Nuclear Science

Environmental contamination caused by radionuclide’s, in particular by uranium and its decay products is a serious problem worldwide. The development of nuclear science and technology has led to increasing nuclear waste containing uranium being released and disposed in the environment. Natural uranium exists in three different forms (isotopes), all of which are radioactive in nature. Uranium existing in soil can be dissolved in solution, or ion exchanged in reaction, complexed with soil organics or precipitate as pure or mixed solids. The immobility of these radioactive elements in uppermost soil layers represents a problem for environment and human health, since they can be easily integrated in the food chain. Soils contaminated with uranium at concentrations above regulatory limits pose an environmental and human health risk. Investigations about uranium content and fate in soils revealed several finding depending on soil factors, radionuclide source and nature, and existing vegetation in the area. In organic rich soils seems to be more soluble and bioavailable.

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