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Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery

Most surgical procedures do not require prophylactic or postoperative antibiotics. Appropriately administered antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the incidence of surgical wound infection. Prophylaxis is uniformly recommended for all clean-contaminated, contaminated and dirty procedures. It is considered optional for most clean procedures, although it may be indicated for certain patients and clean procedures that fulfill specific risk criteria. 

Patient-related factors include certain valvular heart disorders and immunosuppression. Procedures with higher risk involve areas where bacterial seeding is likely:
 
  • Mouth
  • GI tract
  • Respiratory tract
  • GU tract

The antibiotic prophylactic regimens are recommended only  for patients with underlying cardiac conditions associated with the highest risk of adverse outcome from infective endocarditis.

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