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The salivary glands play important role in the digestive system that develop at different sites and produce different types of saliva. The main salivary glands are 3 pairs: parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands . The submandibular gland is the largest salivary gland; it shows peculiar structure in different animal species . These glands secrete saliva which is a complex fluid containing various enzymes, water, mucopolysaccharides and lubricating glycoprotein. The saliva have many functions, moisten the mucous membrane of the upper digestive tract, facilitate the speech, control the bacteria flora of the mouth , produce antimicrobial substances, maintain tooth integrity and prepare food for digestion The total volume of saliva produced each day in adults is 500 to 1500 ml. Mixed saliva, consists mainly of the secretions of submandibular (65%), parotid (23%), sublingual (4%) glands and the remaining 8% being provided by the minor numerous glands . The salivary flow is related to the functions of salivary glands. Therefore, any alteration of the integrity and activity of salivary glands can change saliva flow and composition. Awareness of the importance of the salivary glands to health and sense of well-being of the individual is increasingly evident. It is also a fact that its structure and functions show diverse variations depending on animal species as well as upon food intake and consistency. Starvation or food deprivation was found to influence all body metabolic activities that are reflected on the structure of many organs including colon, liver, brain and pituitary gland. As far as we know, there are limited studies in the literature conducted in humans. The effects of nutrition and diet should be assessed in terms of flow secretion and saliva composition. Nevertheless, the findings in humans are markedly similar to the results of animal studies. Therefore, knowledge from the animal model is helpful for the understanding of the cellular gland alterations, as well as their influence on saliva composition. Based on these, this study was aimed to study the effect of long-term (7 and 14 days) food deprivation on the male cat submandibular gland. This study included histological, histochemical and ultrastructural investigations.
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