Nile River has traditionally been considered the world’s longest river, but its discharge is relatively low compared to the world’s other large rivers. Within the hydrological cycle, Nile River links the land with water bodies such as lakes, wetlands, and Mediterranean Sea. Geographical features of Nile basin are diverse to include snow-capped and forested mountains, extensive wetlands, and barren deserts. Nile basin includes climates ranging from the high rainfall of tropical rainforests to arid desert conditions. Nile River water movement is important to the natural environment and to people. Nile River Basin includes all the land from the headwaters to the mouth that drain to a river. Life within the Nile River Basin depends on variation in river structures and processes that vary in space and time. All River processes longitudinally (along the length of a river channel), laterally (across a river channel), and vertically (from the river bottom to the surface) are significant to the hydrological regime and habitat types of a river.

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