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In situ Detection of MicroRNAs

Most of the miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II or III to form primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs).In the nucleus, the pri-miRNAs are cleaved by microprocessor complex containing the RNase III enzyme Drosha and the double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD) protein DGCR8/Pasha to produce the precursor miRNAs. (pre-miRNAs).Pre-miRNAs are 70~100 nucleotides in length with a stem-loop structure. Pre-miRNAs are subsequently transported into the cytoplasm by exportin 5, where pre-miRNA hairpins can be further cleaved by another RNase III enzyme named Dicer. After the double-stranded duplex is separated, the mature miRNA molecules incorporate into RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), subsequently induce posttranscriptional gene silencing by translational inhibition or target mRNAs degradation.

Citation: Zhang D, Xie L, Jin Y (2015) In situ Detection of MicroRNAs: The Art of MicroRNA Research in Human Diseases. J Cytol Histol S3:013.

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