Many traditional open surgical approaches are replaced by minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in a number of disciplines including general surgery, surgical oncology, colorectal surgery, pediatric surgery, thoracic surgery, upper and lower gastrointestinal tract surgery, obesity surgery, hepatobiliary surgery, and in other solid organs. Compared with the open surgery, a MIS has the advantages such as reduced pain, less tissue injury, quicker return of oral intake, shorter hospitalization, and improved cosmetic appearance. Some studies focused on the stress response to MIS, and an improved immune response was found for the procedures. Moreover, MIS also increases operating room efficiency. Hence MIS is growing remarkably over the past two decades, and the growth is continuously.

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