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Once-Daily, Single-Tablet Regimens for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection

William R. Truong

Once-daily, single-tablet regimens for the management of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have become an integral part of initial antiretroviral therapy (ART). They provide crucial advantages for the treatment of HIV-1. Lower pill burdens have been associated with better virological suppression, and once-daily, single-tablet regimens can improve patient satisfaction. In one retrospective study, investigators compared the effects of once-daily, single-tablet therapy to regimens containing two or more pills per day to determine the effects on adherence, hospitalizations, and health care costs and discovered that patients on once-daily, single-tablet regimens, in comparison with patients whose therapy required two or more pills per day, were more likely to achieve 95% adherence and were subject to 23% fewer hospitalizations. Another retrospective analysis of 15,600 veterans taking antiretrovirals demonstrated that once-daily, single-tablet regimens doubled the odds of at least 95% adherence compared with multitablet regimens. Studies such as these suggest that once-daily, single-tablet regimens are highly beneficial as initial therapy in HIV-1 treatment-naïve patients because improved adherence may lead to improved therapeutic outcomes and health care cost efficiencies.

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