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The marginal improvement in the health care provision with the accompanying increase in lifespan has led to emergence non communicable diseases in developing countries. Among these, chronic tinnitus and hearing loss have prominent; in Nigeria a prevalence of 6.1% and 14.0% respectively have been reported among elderly people greater than 65years of age. The resulting loss of quality of life, impaired activity of daily living and negative perception of life also make hearing impairment and tinnitus a great burden to the sufferers, dependents and the health care. The economic impact of tinnitus on the general population has not been estimated to date, but the urgency of understanding the underpinnings of tinnitus is illustrated by $190 million in compensation payments awarded in 2004 to US veterans with tinnitus as their major disability. Previous studies have revealed suppurative otitis media, hypertension and head injury among other risk factors as significant. The identified risk factors were preventable or controllable; thus underscoring the role of public health methods in the control of elderly tinnitus and hearing loss and improvement in the quality of life of these people. The biology of tinnitus and hearing loss showed that serum Folate was significantly lower among elderly with ARHL while low plasma melatonin and vitamin B12 have significant correlation with the development of subjective idiopathic tinnitus among the elderly. These finding suggests that the correction of these nutritional markers may be useful in the reversal of tinnitus and age related hearing loss. The prominent role of the serotonergic system in auditory perception and in the etiology of tinnitus has also been reported. It is also significant observation that among these elderly people with hearing loss, none of them was on any hearing aid fitting for to augment their hearing and in deed, only an insignificant proportion has presented for evaluation.
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