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Biochemical evaluation of the Renin-Angiotensin System

The renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) constitutes a key hormonal system in the physiological regulation of blood pressure through peripheral and central mechanisms. Indeed, dysregulation of the RAS is considered a major factor in the development of cardiovascular pathologies and pharmacologic blockade of this system by the inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) or antagonism of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) offers an effective therapeutic regimen. The RAS is now defined as a system composed of different angiotensin peptides with diverse biological actions mediated by distinct receptor subtypes. The classic RAS comprises the ACE-Ang II-AT1R axis that promotes vasoconstriction, water intake, sodium retention and increased oxidative stress, fibrosis, cellular growth and inflammation. In contrast, the non-classical RAS composed primarily of the AngII/Ang III-AT2R and the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-AT7R pathways generally opposes the actions of a stimulated Ang II-AT1R axis.

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Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26475588

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