Postoperative aggravation of pulmonary hypertension after pediatric cardiac surgery due to temporary endothelial dysfunction may lead to sudden pulmonary arterial pressure rise with compromise of right ventricular function. Though treatment with inhaled nitric oxid (NO) has been successful, rebound pulmonary hypertension has been observed after NO withdrawal due to supression of endogenous NO sythase. Sildenafil has been shown to prevent this reaction and is widely used after pediatric cardiac surgery.

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Link:https://www.omicsonline.org/blog/2015/10/20/23265-A-Prospective-Randomised-Study-of-Postoperative-Prophylactic-Application-of-Sildenafil-After-Pediatric-Cardiac-Surgery.html

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