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Meta Description: Congenital talipes equinovarus is characterized by irreducible equinus, varus of the hindfoot, adduction of the forefoot, cavus, and an “empty” heel pad with associated calf muscle atrophy.
Congenital talipes equinovarus, also known as congenital clubfoot, is one of the most common congenital skeletal deformities and involves malalignment of the calcaneo-talar-navicular complex. Congenital talipes equinovarus is characterized by irreducible equinus, varus of the hindfoot, adduction of the forefoot, cavus, and an “empty” heel pad with associated calf muscle atrophy. To describe this anomaly, the acronym CAVE is used to indicate the main components of this condition, cavus-adductus-varus-equinus, that underlie the anatomic condition of plantar flexion (cavus) of the first ray.
Most commonly, clubfoot presents as an isolated anomaly (idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus) but can also be associated with different disorders and malformative syndromes, such as distal arthrogryposis, myotonic dystrophy, chromosomal defects, sacral agenesis, spinal muscular atrophy, spina bifida, myelomeningocele and skeletal lower limb abnormalities.
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