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The ductus arteriosus (DA), an essential fetal artery that connects the main pulmonary artery and the descending aorta, closes spontaneously within a few days after birth. The primary driving force behind DA closure is an increase in oxygen tension and a decline in circulating prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). When the DA remains open after the first 3 days of life, the resulting condition is known as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The incidence of PDA unaccompanied by any other cardiovascular abnormality has been estimated to be 0.06% of term infants . Nevertheless, the incidence sharply increases in premature infants.
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