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Concrete structures are susceptible to cracking which allows water and damaging chemicals/microbes to enter and degrade the concrete, reducing the strength of the structure as well as requiring costly maintenance and repairs. Therefore, it is worthwhile to develop such bacterial strains which would carry out calcium carbonate precipitation in extreme conditions. Extremophile calcifying acterial cultures produce urease enzyme which is capable of precipitating calcium in the surrounding micro environment as CaCO3. The bacterial degradation of urea locally increases the pH and promotes the microbial deposition of carbonate. These precipitated crystals can thus fill the cracks and enhance the durability of the concrete. The generation of ‘bio-concrete’ by incorporating very specific extremophiles calcifying bacteria will be helpful for developing a self healing material or “bio-cementing” technology.
The Calcifying bacteria can be isolated from different sources like soil, hot water springs, ocean, alkaline environment or the cement itself. The purified strains can be grown for 24 h in the lab and then mixed with the concrete for application. It would facilitate the microbes to grow in the system if some cheap carbon source like molasses/glycerol is added to the mixture. The behavior of these added microbes has to be studied in mortar cubes and beams after the curing time of 28 days. After this period the tensile strength, micro-crack healing capacity and durability has to be studied along with the condition of the added microbes using Electron microscopy, XRD analysis and water permeability.
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