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Exercise Training and Insulin Resistance: A Current Review

Insulin resistance is commonly presented in older adults, but has become increasingly prevalent in all ages, including middle-aged individuals that are overweight and sedentary. An excessive deposition of adipose tissue, defined as overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m 2 ) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ), is a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, and is associated with a reduced uptake of glucose. However, the overall etiology of insulin resistance is quite complex. It is known that a disproportionate accumulation of subcutaneous and abdominal fat contributes to the desensitization of insulin receptors that is characterized by an inhibited uptake of glucose within skeletal muscle and an impaired ability to suppress endogenous glucose production .

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