Brain Hemorrhage

Hemorrhagic stroke which is a form of stroke that affects 20% of all stroke patients is a devastating condition for which new treatments must be developed. Current treatment methods are quite insufficient to reduce long term morbidity and high mortality rate, up to 50%, associated with bleeding into critical brain structures, into ventricular spaces and within the subarachnoid space. Brain hemorrhage stroke occurs in approximately 20% of all patients with a stroke There are two main categories of hemorrhagic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage including epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) including intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). As a consequence of brain hemorrhage, enzymes involved in blood clotting and clot lysis are produced however, many of them have potential toxicities. Primary hemostasis is initiated when vascular injury triggers adherence of platelets to proteins within in the vascular endothelium using glycoprotein (GP) Ia/IIa receptors. This is followed by platelet aggregation by means of docking proteins or sites to form the primary hemostatic clot. Anti-inflammatory strategies have been tested in previous studies. As discussed above, there are detrimental effects of microglial activation in ICH-induced brain injury Therefore, it seems that there exists the therapeutic potential of treatments based on the inhibition of microglial activation shortly after the onset of ICH. Paul A. Lapchak, Vascular Dysfunction in Brain Hemorrhage: Translational Pathways to Developing New Treatments from Old Targets

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Last date updated on April, 2024