Esophageal Cancer

Early esophageal cancer is defined as tumor limited to the mucosa or submucosa, and without lymphatic spread or distant metastasis. Intraepithelial neoplasia, including low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), is defined as the precancerous change of esophageal cancer. Recent advances in endoscopic technology have increased detection rates of early esophageal cancer. In 31% of patients the esophageal cancer is detected early in situ. Along with endoscopic detection, more and more early esophageal lesions have been also treated by endoscopic options. Compared with conventional esophagectomy, endoscopic therapies for intraepithelial neoplasia and early esophageal cancer are viable alternatives with significantly lower morbidities. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment for early esophageal cancer has represented the trend of future. Thus, this review summarizes recent progress on endoscopic diagnosis and treatment options for early esophageal cancer. Recently, the authors from Asia–Pacific countries also demonstrated that NBI is useful for detection and characterization of superficial esophageal squamous cell cancer (SCC), and could replace chromoendoscopy in routine examination because it is easy to use and adds much information to conventional white light.

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Last date updated on April, 2024