Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) refers to a group of inherited disorders that cause weakness and stiffness of the leg muscles, which gradually gets worse over time. A person with HSP is likely to have inherited an abnormal gene from their parents that causes the long nerves in their spine to deteriorate. These nerves control voluntary movement. This means that muscles in the lower body do not receive the correct messages telling them to relax or contract. It leads to spasticity (abnormally stiff and rigid muscles) and weakness in the leg muscles, which progressively gets worse. Most forms of HSP mainly affect the lower body â the arms and hands are usually unaffected. On average, the symptoms of HSP start in mid-adulthood, although it can start as late as age 70 or in young children.Reflexes become exaggerated, and leg cramps, twitches, and spasms occur, making leg movements stiff and jerky (called a spastic gait). Walking gradually becomes more difficult.Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms. Physical therapy and exercise can help maintain mobility and muscle strength, improve range of motion and endurance, reduce fatigue, and prevent cramps and spasms.
Journal Article is sometimes called a Scientific Article, a Peer-Reviewed Article, or a Scholarly Research Article. Together, journal articles in a particular field are often referred to as The Literature.
Journal articles are most often Primary Research Articles. However, they can also be Review Articles. These types of articles have different aims and requirements. Sometimes, an article describes a new tool or method.
Because articles in scientific journals are specific, meticulously cited and peer-reviewed, journal databases are the best place to look for information on previous research on your species. Without a background in the field, journal articles may be hard to understand - however, you do not need to understand an entire article to be able to get valuable information from it.
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Last date updated on May, 2025