Oxidative stress, defined as a disturbance in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and antioxidant defenses, is discussed in relation to its possible role in the production of tissue damage in diabetes mellitus. Several studies have suggested that oxidative stress could play a role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and more precisely in the transition between simple fatty liver and steatohepatitis. Some studies have suggested that, apart from endotoxins, cytokines, hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia, oxidative stress could play a role in the pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and more precisely in the transition between simple fatty liver and steatohepatitis (i.e. fatty liver coexistent with hepatocyte necrosis and inflammation).
Open access to the scientific literature means the removal of barriers (including price barriers) from accessing scholarly work. There are two parallel roadsĀ towards open access: Open Access articles and self-archiving. Open Access articles are immediately, freely available on their Web site, a model mostly funded by charges paid by the author (usually through a research grant). The alternative for a researcher is self-archivingĀ (i.e., to publish in a traditional journal, where only subscribers have immediate access, but to make the article available on their personal and/or institutional Web sites (including so-called repositories or archives)), which is a practice allowed by many scholarly journals.
Open Access raises practical and policy questions for scholars, publishers, funders, and policymakers alike, including what the return on investment is when paying an article processing fee to publish in an Open Access articles, or whether investments into institutional repositories should be made and whether self-archiving should be made mandatory, as contemplated by some funders.
Last date updated on September, 2014
