Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or geological materials. Mining is done using two excavation types: Surface mining and sub-surface mining. After excavation, the mineral is processed using techniques like Extractive metallurgy and Mineral processing. There are many environmental issues like erosion, loss of biodiversity and ground water contamination by chemicals from mining processes. Many companies are now enforced to follow good environmental standards.
Peer review refers to the work done during the screening of submitted manuscripts and funding applications. This process encourages authors to meet the accepted standards of their discipline and reduces the dissemination of irrelevant findings, unwarranted claims, unacceptable interpretations, and personal views. Publications that have not undergone peer review are likely to be regarded with suspicion by academic scholars and professionals.
Last date updated on June, 2014
