Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and often progressive inflammatory disease that attacks the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS) presenting a special kind of sclerotic lesions. The northern hemisphere has a high prevalence of MS. In this disease, a cell-mediated immune response accounts for discrete plaques of demyelization at sites throughout the CNS. The pathophysiology is complex and still under investigation. Some consider MS a pathological entity while some consider it a clinical entity. The unknown underlying condition causes damage in two phases. First some MRI-abnormal areas with hidden damage appear in the brain and spine, followed later by leaks in the blood–brain barrier where immune cells infiltrate causing demyelination Mohammad Hosein Kalantar Motamedi et al., Commemorate National Multiple Sclerosis Day (28th of May): Seek Funding for Research. Chance of this demyelinating disease, multiple Sclerosis is highly diagnosed in patients less than 18 years. Several recent studies have indicated that 5% of the total MS population with is children/ pediatric cases. This cause of this clinically isolated syndrome has not yet been identified. Pediatric MS symptoms includes major disease presentations such as optic nerve, sensory, motor, brainstem, and/or cerebellar disturbance are the presenting symptoms.

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Last date updated on July, 2025