External Radiation

Cancer patients require radiation therapy apart from chemotherapy. External Radiation is a method of sending high energy rays to the target organ threw the skin with the help of a machine. The duration and dose of radiation varies according to the type and place of cancer, other drugs that are used, age etc. some methods of external radiation are Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, Intensity modulated radiation therapy, Conformal proton beam radiation therapy. Open access to the scientific literature means the removal of barriers (including price barriers) from accessing scholarly work. There are two parallel roads towards open access: Open Access articles and self-archiving. Open Access articles are immediately, freely available on their Web site, a model mostly funded by charges paid by the author (usually through a research grant). The alternative for a researcher is self-archiving (i.e., to publish in a traditional journal, where only subscribers have immediate access, but to make the article available on their personal and/or institutional Web sites (including so-called repositories or archives)), which is a practice allowed by many scholarly journals. Open Access raises practical and policy questions for scholars, publishers, funders, and policymakers alike, including what the return on investment is when paying an article processing fee to publish in an Open Access articles, or whether investments into institutional repositories should be made and whether self-archiving should be made mandatory, as contemplated by some funders.

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Last date updated on May, 2025