Open access to the scientific literature means the removal of barriers (including price barriers) from accessing scholarly work. There are two parallel “roads” towards open access: Open Access articles and self-archiving. Open Access articles are immediately, freely available on their Web site, a model mostly funded by charges paid by the author (usually through a research grant). The alternative for a researcher is “self-archiving” (i.e., to publish in a traditional journal, where only subscribers have immediate access, but to make the article available on their personal and/or institutional Web sites (including so-called repositories or archives)), which is a practice allowed by many scholarly journals.
The study of physical phenomena basic to electronics, such as discharges, thermionic and field emission, and conduction in semiconductors and metals.
Physical Electronics deals with the actual phenomenon occurring within the device during its operation. However, in the part of electronics, we study how an electronic device actually works. On the other hand, electronic engineering is the application part of core electronics and under this section, we deal with successive development. Finally electronics can be defined as "the field of science and engineering which deals with electronic devices and its utilization".
Last date updated on June, 2014
