Transplantation is the transfer of essential cells, organs or tissues from one location to another with in a same person or from one individual to the other for the purpose of replacing damaged or absent organs in patients. Many of the diseases which will not be readily curable by different types of treatments can be cured by this technique of transplantation. There are different types of transplantations depending up on the type of transplant. Heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, intestine, and thymus will come under organ transplantation and bones, cornea, skin, heart valves, nerves and veins will come under tissue transplantation. There are different types of transplantations and the most commonly transplanted organs are kidneys which are followed by liver and heart. Transplantation has become a clinical practice and a strategy for overcoming many diseases which will not be readily curable by any existing therapies.
Open access to the scientific literature means the removal of barriers (including price barriers) from accessing scholarly work. There are two parallel âroadsâ towards open access: Open Access articles and self-archiving. Open Access articles are immediately, freely available on their Web site, a model mostly funded by charges paid by the author (usually through a research grant). The alternative for a researcher is âself-archivingâ (i.e., to publish in a traditional journal, where only subscribers have immediate access, but to make the article available on their personal and/or institutional Web sites (including so-called repositories or archives)), which is a practice allowed by many scholarly journals.
Open Access raises practical and policy questions for scholars, publishers, funders, and policymakers alike, including what the return on investment is when paying an article processing fee to publish in an Open Access articles, or whether investments into institutional repositories should be made and whether self-archiving should be made mandatory, as contemplated by some funders.
Last date updated on September, 2024