Large bone defects in the setting of large tissue loss could occur due to many reasons such as multiple, gunshot, and other complicated fractures, bone tumors like osteosarcoma, massive avascular necrosis, severe osteomyelitis, advanced osteoporosis and also due to open fractures. A considerable amount of diseased bone that has no vascular supply cannot be used in bone reconstructive surgery. It should be removed from the patient’s body and the resulting defect should be stabilized with bone substitutes. 

 

Another goal is to accelerate and enhance the quality of the bone repair in the shortest possible time. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in its new concept by means of combination of tissue scaffolds, healing promotive factors and cells or stem cells have been introduced to orthopedic research and sports medicine. Novel strategies using tissue engineering and regenerative medicine based products are still under investigation.