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Caesarean delivery is a surgical procedure in which, birth of a fetus occurs through incisions in the abdominal wall (laparotomy) and the uterine wall (hysterotomy). This definition does not include removal of the fetus from the abdominal cavity in the case of rupture of the uterus or in the case of an abdominal pregnancy. It is the most common major surgical procedure used and it has helped to decrease maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. A Caesarean section (CS) is usually performed when a vaginal delivery would put the baby's or mother's life or health at risk. However, in recent times it has been also performed upon request for childbirths that could otherwise have been delivered vaginally. As other procedures of some complexity, its use follows the health care inequity pattern of the world: underuse in low income settings, and adequate or even unnecessary use in middle and high income settings.